Activation of face expertise and the inversion effects

Sensitivity to configural information and expertise in visual word. A face inversion effect fie occurs when inversion disproportionately. What are the effects of experience on the face inversion effect. However, it is unclear whether these effects are facespecific, and distinct from the general tendency of visual awareness to privilege upright objects. Overall, there were no significant effects of inversion on response times. Pdf activation of face expertise and the inversion. The first, states an existence of a functional neural subsystem dedicated to the processing of human face forms farah, 1996. The roles of visual expertise and visual input in the face. The effect of expertise training with faces was studied in adults with asd who showed initial impairment in face recognition. Neural adaptation to faces reveals racial outgroup. The thatcher effect or thatcher illusion is a phenomenon where it becomes more difficult to detect local feature changes in an upsidedown face, despite identical changes being obvious in an upright face. Spatiotemporal localization of the face inversion effect.

However, similar behavioral effects have since been obtained with nonface objects for expert subjects for example, dog show judges or handwriting experts16. Response profile of the facesensitive n170 component. The present results provide the first direct evidence that topdown activation of the face processing expertise system plays a crucial role in the face inversion effect. This indicates that the activity in the ffa for greebles does not depend on the degree of expertise acquired with the objects. Activation of face expertise and the inversion effect liezhong ge. As will be evident below, many open questions remain concerning. Activation of face expertise and the inversion effect ncbi. The absence or relatively small inversion effect in the ffa may also mean that activity as measured by fmri simply is not sufficiently finegrained to pick up certain effects. The effect was originally created in 1980 by peter thompson. Renaultc afaculty of psychology and educational sciences, university of geneva, 40 boulevard du pont darve, 1211 geneva 4, switzerland bplurifaculty program of cognitive neuroscience, department of neurology. We argue that evidence strongly supports domain specificity rather than the expertise hypothesis. Individual differences and inversion effects cory a. The face inversion effect occurs when, compared to other objects, it takes a disproportionately longer time to recognise.

Erps were recorded to upright and inverted photographs of familiar faces, unfamiliar faces, and houses. Pre and posttesting included standardized and experimental measures of behavior and eventrelated brain potentials erps, as well as interviews after training. Most importantly and in contrast to previous reports, we found a neural inversion effect for greebles before training. Domainspecificity versus expertise in face processing. The difficulty in connecting the ffa with the neural implementation of the inversion effect in face processing is well documented yovel and kanwisher 2005. Face inversion effects are seen in neuroimaging stud. The other argues that this unique brain activity is in actuality a byproduct of visual expertise, since similar patterns have been recorded. Indeed, both faces and visual words activate components of the fusiform gyrus, a region that plays an important role in networks of expert visual processing.

Distinct neural processes for the perception of familiar. Face versus nonface object perception and the otherrace effect. The inversion effect was observed in the facepriming condition, but not in the characterpriming condition. First, our experiments indicate that an inversion effect can be obtained for faces in facespecific areas, and that a similar inversion effect can be produced for novel objects after expertise. Electrophysiological neural mechanisms for detection. The effect of face inversion on the human fusiform face. Behavioral change and its neural correlates in visual. Activation of the middle fusiform face area increases with expertise in. Indeed, it has further been suggested that extensive experience can result in the development of facelike inversion effects for objects of expertise e. Face inversion leads to a significantly delayed sometimes larger n170 component, an occipitotemporal scalp potential associated with the perceptual encoding of faces and objects. However, the early perceptual nature of these intergroup biases is poorly understood. Indeed, both faces and visual words activate components. Expert individuation of objects increases activation in the fusiform face area of children.

The faceinversion effect fie can be viewed as being based on two kinds of findings. Normal acquisition of expertise with greebles in two cases. According to the face objectui effect, inversion impairs the processing of faces more than the processing of nonfacial objects e. Frontiers inversion effects reveal dissociations in. We then extend these findings through the application of a neural network model of face and chinese character expertise systems. The first hypothesis is not supported by the adult literature on expertisebehavioral and neural signatures of facespecific effects can be obtained with nonface objects in expert subjects, so the mechanism for face processing, at least in adults, cannot be truly modular 5. Inversion effects reveal dissociations in facial expression. Activation of fusiform face area by greebles is related to. Furthermore, we have shown that the activation of this system during configural processing is sufficient to account for the face inversion effect.

Based on such results, we reasoned that the activation in the face area may likewise depend on a subjects expertise with a given object category. Gestalt revision can we dissociate face perception and. The effect of inversion and motor expertise on body compatibility harrison m. This expertise in face processing is thought to be based on two major factors. Face recognition is carried out by mechanisms that are dissociable from those used for object recognition. The effects of face expertise training on the behavioral. The face inversion effect is regarded as a hallmark of facespecific processing, and can be observed in a large variety of visual tasks. The tendency to view members of social outgroups as interchangeable has long been considered a core component of intergroup bias and a precursor to stereotyping and discrimination. Expertise with unfamiliar objects greebles recruits faceselective areas in the fusiform gyrus ffa and occipital lobe ofa. This expertise effect, however, may be due to experts taking advantage of the faceness of the stimuli. Evidence for the domain specificity hypothesis psychology.

The effect of inversion and motor expertise on body. It is named after the late british prime minister margaret thatcher, on whose photograph the effect was first demonstrated. Results showing inversion effects on discrimination of. Face versus nonface object perception and the otherrace. Face inversion effects are also reported in binocular rivalry. Can generic expertise explain special processing for faces. Huber university of california, san diego immediate repetition priming for faces was examined across a range of prime durations in a threshold identification task.

Neuroimaging research has focused on the effects of perceptual expertise acquisition in occipitotemporal cortex otc, showing that activation in at least two regions the fusiform face area ffa and the lateral occipital complex loc is enhanced during perceptual processing of expertdomain objects gauthier et al. As such, it is quite possible that differences in experience underlie the greater sensitivity to inversion observed during facial expression of emotion discrimination. Activation of face expertise and the inversion effect. According to the faceobjectui effect, inversion impairs the processing of faces more than the processing of nonfacial objects e. Finally, percipients must have the expertise to exploit such secondorder. These modulations are in agreement with the perceptual locus of the fie and reinforce the view that the ffa and n170 are sensitive to individual face discrimination. Two major theories regarding the specificity of certain brain regions in the perception of human faces have been put forth. Here we extend this finding to other homogeneous categories.

Dedicated architecture for face processing has also consistently been suggested by functional neuroimaging and. Face perception is an individuals understanding and interpretation of the face, particularly the human face, especially in relation to the associated information processing in the brain the proportions and expressions of the human face are important to identify origin, emotional tendencies, health qualities, and some social information. Pdf the face inversion effect fie is a reduction in recognition. Adult face recognition is based on expert configural processing. Perceptual efficiency and the inversion effect for faces, words and. Revisiting the role of the fusiform face area in visual. The face inversion effect has been interpreted as a marker of facespecific processes that are engaged by upright faces but not by inverted faces. Direct demonstration was subsequently provided bytwoparadigms. The leading accounts of face recognition are the facespecific view and the expertise view. The face inversion effect is a phenomenon where identifying inverted faces compared to upright faces is much more difficult than doing the same for nonfacial objects. Effects of face inversion on the structural encoding and. Among the object types for which humans have particularly high expertise are faces and visual words. This reduction of the face inversion effect was observed in comparison to the.

We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to study the effect of face. The present results provide the first direct evidence that topdown activation of the faceprocessing expertise system plays a crucial role in the faceinversion effect. Similar to word repetition priming results, short duration face primes produced. Neural correlates of perceiving emotional faces and bodies in developmental prosopagnosia. How does the brain process upright and inverted faces. Their method succeeds by solving for the muscle activation parameters that best. We used a contextual priming paradigm to examine topdown influences on the faceinversion effect. Moreover, this same small inversion effect has been replicated with nonface objects in expert subjects9. Participants were randomly assigned to a computerized training program involving either faces or houses. It was investigated how face inversion affects facespecific components of eventrelated brain potentials erps which are assumed to reflect the structural encoding and the recognition of faces. Electrophysiological neural mechanisms for detection, configural analysis and recognition of faces.

Differential early processing for faces and characters. Neural mechanisms of expert skills in visual working. Investigations of face expertise in the social developmental disorders jason j. There are a number of areas that show expertise effects in both hemispheres. A typical study examining the face inversion effect would have images of the inverted and upright object presented to participants and time how long it takes them to recognise that object as what it actually is. Taken together, this series of experiments provides more conclusive evidence that the topdown activation of a face processing expertise system plays a crucial role in the face inversion effect. The present results provide the first direct evidence that topdown activation of the. Reedc, jonathan coled, wolfgang prinza a department of psychology, cognition and action, max planck institute for human cognitive and brain sciences, munich, germany b department of psychology, rutgers university, newark, usa.

In the current study, we replicate these findings using the same technique but under different conditions. The recognition of faces is disproportionally impaired, relative to nonface stimuli e. Activation of fusiform face area by greebles is related to face similarity but not expertise. According to the face ui effect, perception and recognition are better for faces presented upright u than for faces presented inverted i. The facespecific account claims upright faces are processed by brain mechanisms specialized for faces, whereas the expertise hypothesis claims faces are processed by mechanisms engaged by finegrained discrimination of the object of expertise. In part i, participants had to detect infrequently presented targets hands, in part ii.

Several brain regions have been linked to human face processing, most prominently the fusiform face area ffa in the fusiform gyrus. According to the faceui effect, perception and recognition are better for faces presented upright u than for faces presented inverted i. With the two samegender facepairs inversion just failed to achieve significant effects p0. The inversion effect was observed in the face priming condition, but not in the characterpriming condition. If the n170 face inversion effect is linked to an increased activation of faceselective neurons that are tuned to deviations from the prototypical upright orientation of faces, strong n170 adaptation effects should be observed for inverted face test stimuli that are preceded by. Face and object recognition are fundamentally different because faces are recognized at a more specific level than objectsmore experience doing this trained subjects to become experts in discriminating between greebles and then they had activation in ffa and in ofa occipital face area, also began to exhibit a greeble inversion effect. Extensive visual training in adulthood significantly reduces the face. Substantial evidence supports the specificity of face processing. The effects of expertise on visual recognition have been. Few studies have addressed directly the question of face inversion processing with respect to its neural basis and characteristics. Greeble parts were recognized more slowly in a transformed configuration than in the original configuration. Neuropsychologia 44 2006 29502958 body inversion effect without body sense. After expertise greeble training, participants showed some of the hallmark patterns of recognition typically associated with faces such as inversion effects and sensitivity to configuration. The effect of face inversion on the human fusiform face area the effect of face inversion on the human fusiform face area kanwisher, nancy.

Neural correlates of perceiving emotional faces and bodies. Frontiers the face inversion effect in opponentstimulus. Here, we used a functional mri adaptation paradigm to assess how faceselective brain regions respond to variation in. Expertise for cars and birds recruits brain areas involved.