However, their independence, like that of other countries in the world, came with a huge human cost following decades of intense conflict between the arab north and the nonarab south. Understanding the roots of conflict in south sudan council. Understanding the roots of conflict in south sudan. With regard to the legal reasons, the intervention was justified on a number of grounds, including that uganda. Uganda lies along the equator, between the great east african rift valleys.
Uganda, which engage in cooperative action on a range of collective peace, security, developmental, and environmental concerns. Ending south sudans civil war council on foreign relations. With highprofile conflict in darfur and along the border between sudan and south sudan, the red sea, kassala, and alqadarif states of eastern sudan have received little to no attention, despite extremely low humanitarian indexes, serious food security challenges, and drought. Insecurity and bureaucratic impediments in other areas of the country continue to pose threats to relief operations. South sudan became the youngest nation in the world after splitting from the larger sudan to become the republic of south sudan in 2011. South sudanese have such connections all over the east african region, and the better off have.
Since the 1990s, uganda has been engaged in a number of civil wars, the most protracted being a 20 years war against joseph konys lords resistance army lra whose aim was to establish a state based on the ten commandments. Sep 25, 2015 historical relations between uganda and sudan have been fraught, with both countries backing armed proxies fighting over the status of south sudan. Economic interests among the front line states such as kenya, uganda, ethiopia, and sudan have internationalized the conflict as evident by the post 20. In 1999, former us president carter and the carter center tcc. Ugandas intervention in the south sudan conflict in legal terms,5 the underlying reasons for the intervention were clearly economic, according to the available evidence. Sudan and uganda and the competition for regional hegemony between. South sudan and the emerging security implications for east. South sudan and the emerging security implications for. Large parts of northern uganda are in turmoil due to the recent escalation of conflict between the lra and the government. After almost 40 years of war between the sudan government and southern insurgents, southern sudanese voted in a january 2011 referendum to secede from sudan.
The report builds upon the unmiss interim report on human rights, released on 21 february. Since 1987, the lords resistance army lra, a violent rebel group, has been fighting the ugandan government in the northern part of the country. South sudans civil war is the result of a weakly institutionalized state and may require the african unions intervention to find peace and. Impact of south sudan civil conflict on ugandan and south sudanese traders 29 4. There are many causes for the conflict in south sudan, ranging from ethnic tensions, management of oil resources and the power struggle between president salva kiir and opposition leader dr. From the late 1980s until the mid2000s, both museveni and al bashir were attempting to consolidate their rule, and the indirect fighting reflected the domestic situation in each country. Conflict profile uganda has suffered intermittent conflict since independence in 1962. Africa uganda and sudan begin mediation talks in south sudans conflict. South sudans military denied involvement, saying is had received no complaint from uganda and that the gunmen could have been anyone wearing south sudanese uniforms.
Pdf on jan 1, 20, lukong stella shulika and others published interethnic conflict in south sudan. Addressing conflict to facilitate return the conflict in south sudan is the result of. South sudan situation 01 december 2017 3,159 south sudanese refugees arrived in uganda between the 1st and 31st of. During the initial days of the conflict, the government of south sudan invited ugandan intervention. Less than a year after the old greater sudan split into the northern republic of sudan and the new republic of south sudanor north and south sudan, for claritythe two countries were again in a state of war. Economic cost of the conflict in northern uganda uganda.
Conflict and famine in south sudan, april 26, 2017 south sudan. Oil exports from the south had been halted and other conflicts had broken. Sudan, for example, has received more than 101,000 refugees in 2016, and uganda was flooded with nearly 85,000. Relations with sudan had been primarily concerned with the consequences of the sudanese civil war for the first decade after ugandas independence. The second sudanese civil war was a conflict from 1983 to 2005 between the central sudanese government and the sudan peoples liberation army. Uganda and its international partners to ensure continued respect for this principle.
Conflict in south sudan and the challenges ahead congressional research service summary south sudan, which separated from sudan in 2011 after almost 40 years of civil war, was drawn into a devastating new conflict in late 20, when a political dispute that overlapped with preexisting ethnic and political fault lines turned violent. As the conflict escalated, ugandan troops started fighting on the side of forces loyal to kiir. The lack of basic infrastructure, educated and skilled. The conflict has been marked by the failure of the government of the republic of south sudan. Igad and its member states played influential roles in bringing about a peace deal between sudan and southern sudan in 2005 the comprehensive peace agreement, and. Conciliation resources has just published the first study into how decades of conflict by the lords resistance army lra and other armed groups has affected sudanese communities living along the sudan uganda border. It lasted for 22 years and is one of the longest civil wars on record. The territory of southern sudan south sudan since 2011 has long been a site of mutual interventions and proxy conflict between khartoum and kampala. During the 1990s, uganda was suspicious of islamist sudans apparent desire to expand arab and islamic influence southwards. Sudan and egypt have refused to sign the framework agreement, suggesting that the wording of article 14 b, on water security for other nile nations, impinges on preexisting water rights and usage allocations. Uganda s president yoweri museveni and sudan s omar albashir have begun this monday mediation of the second round of peace. Milton obote, overthrew the countrys first president, sir edward mutesa ii and pronounced uganda a republic. Africa uganda and sudan begin mediation talks in south sudan s conflict. United nations mission in the republic of south sudan unmiss since the outbreak of the conflict on 15 december.
The lords resistance army lra, also known as the lords resistance movement, is a rebel group and heterodox christian group which operates in northern uganda, south sudan, the central african republic, and the democratic republic of the congo. Representation and access to these resources have often been. Key characteristics of the economy south sudan s dependence on subsistence agriculture and food aid indicates that the countrys present economic state is extremely poor. To date, health actors have not recorded evd cases in south sudan, although disruptions to point of entry poe screenings pose increased risk of evd spreading into south sudan. Ugandas president yoweri museveni and sudans omar albashir have begun this monday mediation of the second round of peace. Conflict between 19551976 and 19832005 between the colonially modernised arab north and the underdeveloped christian and animist south brought widespread civilian suffering. Her research and publications since 2001 have focused on the historical and contemporary role of chiefs in southern sudan, and related issues of governance, statesociety relations and political and judicial cultures. Uganda and south sudan when conflict broke out again in juba.
It was largely a continuation of the first sudanese civil war of 1955 to 1972. A human rights report united nations mission in south sudan. This violence is aimed at cowing the acholi and discrediting the government. Conflict in south sudan and the challenges ahead congressional research service 1 background south sudan emerged in 2011 as the worlds newest country, and one of its least developed.
Since its independence in 2011, south sudan is battling a new civil war. Since its independence in 1956, sudan has seen an intermittent civil war. The cost of peace, african center for the constructive. Egypt and sudan maintain that instead of such abrupt changes, the. Uganda has probably one of the most important opportunities to bring the conflict in south sudan to an end. The lrawhich draws its recruits, mostly abducted children, from the acholi population of northern ugandaevaded the updf in sudan and moved back. Ugandas longtime president, yoweri museveni, was a personal friend of south sudan rebel leader john garang and supported the sudan peoples liberation army spla, which fought for the regions independence. Small arms survey hsba working paper 8 schomerus the lords resistance army in sudan abstract the ongoing peace talks between the government of uganda and the lords resistance armymovement lram in juba, the capital of south sudan, have created renewed international interest in the conflict in northern uganda. South sudan sits at the nexus of intensifying competition among five of the united states core counterterrorism partners in the regionegypt, ethiopia, kenya, sudan, and ugandaand left unresolved, the conflict there risks provoking a larger regional war. Finally, it continues the northsouth conflict that has marked ugandan politics and society since independence. Relations with sudan had been primarily concerned with the consequences of the sudanese civil war for the first decade after uganda s independence. More than 80 % of the refugees in uganda are women and children. Sudan, for example, has received more than 101,000 refugees in 2016, and. Uganda, southern sudan and the democratic republic of the congo commenced joint operations.
A day before south sudan voted on a cessation referendum, museveni came out vocally for separation, saying, unity should be. Oil fuels the conflict between sudan and south sudan and it keeps getting hotter. Pdf popular defence forces pdoc petrodar operating company psc african union peace and security council ros republic of sudan ross republic of south sudan saf sudan armed forces sdbz safe demilitarized border zone sdg sudanese pounds slaaw sudan liberation armyabdul wahid slamm sudan liberation armyminni minawi splma sudan peoples. The paper analyses the dynamics of the 20 conflict in south sudan, reflecting on the root causes of the conflict within the ranks of splma the ruling bodyactor in south sudan. Key characteristics of the economy south sudans dependence on subsistence agriculture and food aid indicates that the countrys present economic state is extremely poor. In addition, south sudan itself currently hosts almost 279,000 refugees, the vast majority from sudan. Her research and publications since 2001 have focused on the historical and contemporary role of chiefs in southern sudan, and related issues of governance, state. Conflict analysis and options for systemic conflict. Oil fuels the conflict between sudan and south sudan and. It is able, it is capable but i do not know if it is willing to do it. As the lra fled into the central african republic, reports. Until the juba crises, the most acute needs were experienced in the three original conflict states jonglei, unity and upper nile. South sudan has pledged to sign soon and may be followed by the drc. Uganda and sudan begin mediation talks in south sudans conflict.
This was compounded by a devastating famine in 1988. It is a landlocked country, bordered by sudan in the north, kenya in the east, tanzania in the south, rwanda in the southwest and the democratic republic of congo in the west. Causes and consequences of the war in acholiland 2002. Rearranging the chess board, december 20, 2016 south sudans south. Thirdly, it is fuelled by animosity between uganda and sudan, who support rebellions on each others territory. Global south development magazines global development reporter mr. Addressing conflict to facilitate return the conflict in south sudan is the result of a complex mix of failed leadership, unmet post. Total cessation of conflict in south sudan would rob khartoum of proxies to keep juba in check. Although it originated in southern sudan, the civil war spread to the nuba mountains and the blue nile. Uganda and sudan begin mediation talks in south sudan. Explaining the illegality of ugandas intervention in the current. Conciliation resources has just published the first study into how decades of conflict by the lords resistance army lra and other armed groups has affected sudanese communities living along the sudanuganda border. The ugandan government regarded the war as pitting africans against arabs and thus tended to be sympathetic to the southern desire for secession. With nearly 800,000 refugees fleeing the country, south sudan s conflict impacts the stability of neighboring countries by altering service provision and dynamics between groups in bordering regions.
May 16, 2012 with highprofile conflict in darfur and along the border between sudan and south sudan, the red sea, kassala, and alqadarif states of eastern sudan have received little to no attention, despite extremely low humanitarian indexes, serious food security challenges, and drought. The lra became notoriously infamous for their abduction of 60,000 children to serve as child soldiers and sex slaves. Raids on uganda show south sudans war spilling across its. South sudan, as a result of tribal and political conflict, is a country in name only. Although these incidents were not directly linked to the civil war, increased lawlessness exacerbates larger border conflicts. Years of international efforts to bring an end to decades of conflict by helping to negotiate the. South sudans conflict and famine the heritage foundation. The longrunning african union mediation to end the armed conflicts in sudan has also engaged both these groups. Ugandas involvement could tip the balance in jubas favor visavis potential bashir allies. Waging peace through symphonic discourse in the sudan.
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